{"created":"2023-05-15T12:55:49.486996+00:00","id":857,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"035918a0-8567-4b5e-9562-888032bf54cc"},"_deposit":{"created_by":18,"id":"857","owners":[18],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"857"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:jicari.repo.nii.ac.jp:00000857","sets":["585","585:653"]},"author_link":["1129","1131","1130"],"item_10009_date_11":{"attribute_name":"出版年月日","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_date_issued_datetime":"2016-02-01","subitem_date_issued_type":"Issued"}]},"item_10009_description_5":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"This paper discusses the current state of agricultural mechanization in Africa and its potential\ncontribution to agricultural and broader economic transformation. This background paper\nreviews the factors likely to influence farmer demand for mechanization in Africa and details\ndifferent existing and potential mechanization supply models. Although an empirical analysis\nof mechanization demand and the effectiveness of supply chains is beyond the scope of this\npaper, in part due to data limitations, this paper suggests that demand for mechanization may\nbe emerging in some parts of Africa. It also suggests that private sector-driven supply models\nare better positioned to meet this demand than direct government involvement and certain types\nof subsidized programs. The paper then identifies possible areas for government support to\ncomplement private sector leadership in developing mechanization supply chains.\nA renewed focus on agriculture’s potential contribution to economic transformation in Africa\nhas resulted in increased attention paid to agricultural mechanization. Nevertheless, African\nagriculture still relies predominantly on human muscle power, in contrast to other developing\nregions that have experienced rapid increases in agricultural mechanization over the past few\ndecades. Efforts to promote mechanization in previous decades largely consisted of state-led\ninterventions, which failed due to the lack of demand for mechanization among farmers (Pingali et\nal 1987).\nThis paper attempts to overcome some of the misconceptions that drove these programs by\nreviewing definitions of agricultural mechanization and its role in agricultural intensification\nprocesses. The paper draws on Boserup (1965) and Ruthenberg’s (1980) theory of agricultural\nintensification and Hayami and Ruttan’s (1970; 1985) induced innovation theory. According to\nthis framework, agricultural intensification is driven by increased population pressure and rising\ndemand for agricultural products. This in turn prompts mechanization, both through the adoption\nof existing and the development of new technologies. Essentially, mechanization can be expected\nto be adopted by farmers when the appropriate conditions arise and would not be profitable in the\nabsence of such conditions.\nThe paper then delves further into the components of demand for mechanization, specifically\nin Africa. Specifically, it discusses the effects of farm size, labor saving, market demand, the\navailability of complementary technologies, and demonstration on developing demand. It also\ndescribes the sequential nature of mechanization demand as postulated by Pingali et al (1987):\nin which power-intensive operations (plowing, threshing and harvesting) are mechanized before\ncontrol-intensive ones (planting, weeding, winnowing) and animal power (where feasible) is\nadopted before the transition to mechanized power. As a result of the components and sequences\nof demand, we predict that demand for mechanization in Africa is expected to exhibit significant\nspatial variation, meaning that existing national surveys and other data may fail to accurately\ncapture patterns of demand.\nOur analysis then turns to mechanization supply chains in Africa, focusing on manufacturing,\nimportation, service provision, and ownership. The analysis suggests that where demand has\nemerged, the private sector has been relatively responsive to meet demand. Private dealers tend to\nimport the types of machinery demanded by farmers, for which markets for spare parts and repairs\nmay be relatively developed, while governments tend to import the brands of machinery accessed\n4\nthrough concessional loans, which do not possess these advantages. Moreover, government\nimportation and subsidization of machines may produce distortionary effects on the private\nimportation and distribution channels. Similarly, individual machine owner-operators appear to\nhave an advantage over government-subsidized service-provision enterprises, as they are usually\nable to achieve higher utilization rates in addition to obtaining benefits from using machines on\ntheir own farmers.\nDespite the apparent advantages for the private sector in machine distribution and service\nprovision, there are significant roles for African governments to play in promoting mechanization.\nPerhaps the most significant of these roles is providing public goods, including infrastructure,\ntechnical R&D, and economic research. Other potential roles include capacity building, removing\ndistortionary policies, facilitating access to credit and formulating viable strategies. However, the\nprivate sector is still better positioned to drive mechanization in areas where demand has emerged\nand government policies should aim to play a facilitative and supportive role.\nDespite a history of disappointment, agricultural mechanization may finally be in position to\ncontribute to an agricultural transformation in parts Africa. Demand for mechanization appears\nto have emerged in certain systems and where it has, the private sector has often demonstrated\nits potential to efficiently supply machines and hiring services. However, the evidence base\nsurrounding mechanization in Africa is still quite limited. Significant further research is required\nto better understand the changing nature of mechanization demand in Africa and the extent and\neffectiveness of different supply models in meeting it.","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_10009_end_page_10":{"attribute_name":"終了ページ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_end_page":"58"}]},"item_10009_identifier_registration":{"attribute_name":"ID登録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_reg_text":"10.18884/00000848","subitem_identifier_reg_type":"JaLC"}]},"item_10009_record_name_7":{"attribute_name":"図書名","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_title":"African Transformation Report 2016"}]},"item_10009_start_page_9":{"attribute_name":"開始ページ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_start_page":"1"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Diao, Xinshen","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"1129","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Silver, Jed","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"1130","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Takeshima, Hiroyuki","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"1131","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2018-03-13"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"transforming_africas_agriculture_3.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"1.5 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_11","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"transforming_africas_agriculture_3","url":"https://jicari.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/857/files/transforming_africas_agriculture_3.pdf"},"version_id":"39c2de13-fd10-4a96-bb1f-e845e1f72dce"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"eng"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"book","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2f33"}]},"item_title":"Agricultural Mechanization and Agricultural Transformation","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"Agricultural Mechanization and Agricultural Transformation"}]},"item_type_id":"10009","owner":"18","path":["585","653"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2018-03-13"},"publish_date":"2018-03-13","publish_status":"0","recid":"857","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["Agricultural Mechanization and Agricultural Transformation"],"weko_creator_id":"18","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-05-15T13:19:00.397218+00:00"}